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Also called Nei Monggol Zizhiqu, Inner Mongolia is one of five autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China. It is located in northern and northeastern China. Its area of 163,900 square miles (424,500 square kilometers) consists largely of a plateau fringed by mountains. The capital is Hohhot. The region has a harsh climate, which severely restricts intensive agriculture. In some areas, particularly around the great bend of the Huang He (Yellow River), oats, spring wheat, millet, and other grains are cultivated. In irrigated areas, sugar beets and oilseeds are grown. The Huang He provides irrigation in the southwest. Inner Mongolia has significant electrical power, and extensive rail and highway networks crisscross the region. Industrial development in the region has been notable, especially around the largest city, Baotou. Several dozen modern plants produce cement, textiles, and chemical fertilizer. Sugar refining is also a significant industry. Inner and Outer Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) have been separate entities since the 17th century. The Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region was founded by the Chinese Communists in 1947, more than two years before they took total control of China. In a series of annexations, Inner Mongolia was greatly expanded. In 1969 the government sharply reduced the region's area. The areas transferred amounted to about two thirds of the region, with about 6 million of the former population, but the territorial cuts were restored in the early 1980s. (See also China.) Population (1990 census), 21,456,798.
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